Xinjiang Branch. Chinese Academy of Science was established in July 30th 1957 and orientated to provide services to the development of economy, society as well as science and technology in Xinjiang autonomous region. Institute of Soil Biology and Resource, Physics Institute, Chemical Institute, Geological and Geographical Institute and Institute of Ethnic History then have been founded in succession. During the period of Cultural Revolution, Xinjiang branch was delegated to local government. November 24th 1977, Chinese Academy of Science applied for the resumption of Xinjiang branch to State Council and then got approval successfully.

Xinjiang branch now has 3 research institutions: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography. CAS, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics &Chemistry. CAS and Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. CAS as well as 2 subordinate unit: a kindergarten and a logistics service center. By 2013, Xinjiang branch has 12 field stations， 3 of them are national level; 6 engineering centers，in which 2 are national level and 2 are Autonomous Region’s level; 3 national scientific education bases: a specimen museum and a desert botanical garden belonging to Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and an observation station in Nanshan belonging to Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. Xinjiang branch also has 9 key laboratories on the level of Chinese Academy of Science or Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

Up to September 2013, the staff number of Xinjiang branch has reached 1028 composed of 14 ethnic groups, in which, 799 are professional and technical personnel.116 of them are innovative professor of engineering and 199 of them are vice-professor of engineering.

Xinjiang branch has 22 master's degree conferring site and 14 doctor's degree conferring site. Students on reading are 613 and more than 2000 students have gotten their master’s degree or doctor's degree.

In the past three years, Xinjiang branch has won 88 awards on provincial and ministerial level. More than 1300 scientific and technological achievements have been approved, 450 of them won the award on various levels and 2 of them won the award conferred by UNEP for the outstanding contribution for the desertification control. More than 200 monographs and 6000 theses have been published. Xinjiang branch has already established relation with more than 30 countries on Scientific and technological communication and undertaken more than 40 projects of international cooperation, more than 20 international academic conference have been held.